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In business analysis, PEST analysis (political, economic, social and technological) is a framework of external macro-environmental factors used in strategic management and market research. PEST analysis was developed in 1967 by Francis Aguilar as an environmental scanning framework for businesses to understand the external conditions and ...
Technological change (TC) or technological development is the overall process of invention, innovation and diffusion of technology or processes. [1] [2] In essence, technological change covers the invention of technologies (including processes) and their commercialization or release as open source via research and development (producing emerging technologies), the continual improvement of ...
Modern business enterprise (MBE) is the organization and management of businesses, particularly large ones. [75] MBE's employ professionals who use knowledge based techniques such areas as engineering, research and development, information technology, business administration, finance and accounting. MBE's typically benefit from economies of scale.
Technological Innovation however focuses on the technological aspects of a product or service rather than covering the entire organization business model. It is important to clarify that Innovation is not only driven by technology , but can also be driven by various other factors, including market demand , social and environmental factors , and ...
Conversely, modern technology dynamics studies generally advocate that technologies are not "self-evident" or market-demanded, but are the upshot of a particular path of technology development and are shaped by social, economic and political factors. in this sense, technology dynamics aims at overcoming distinct "internal" and "external" points ...
technological factors (emerging technologies) physical factors (failure of machines, fire or theft) operational factors (access to credit, cost cutting, advertisement) External risks arise from factors (exogenous variables, which cannot be controlled) such as: economic factors (market risks, pricing pressure) natural factors (floods, earthquakes)
Technology forecasting - the identification of possible relevant technologies for the organization, such as technology scouting. Technology roadmap - mapping technologies to business and market needs. Technology project portfolio (a set of projects under development) and technology portfolio (a set of technologies in use).
The concept of a technological innovation system was introduced as part of a wider theoretical school, called the innovation system approach. The central idea behind this approach is that determinants of technological change are not (only) to be found in individual firms or in research institutes, but (also) in a broad societal structure in which firms, as well as knowledge institutes, are ...