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Aortic regurgitation (AR), also known as aortic insufficiency (AI), is the leaking of the aortic valve of the heart that causes blood to flow in the reverse direction during ventricular diastole, from the aorta into the left ventricle.
Weight reduction – through physical activity and dietary modification, as obesity is a risk factor for heart failure and left ventricular hypertrophy. Effective weight management has been shown to significantly improve the heart's functional status and reduce the risk of all-cause mortality.
Mitral regurgitation, also known as mitral insufficiency or mitral incompetence, is the backward flow of blood from the left ventricle, through the mitral valve, and into the left atrium, when the left ventricle contracts, resulting in a systolic murmur radiating to the left armpit.
According to ICD-10, hypertensive heart disease (I11), and its subcategories: hypertensive heart disease with heart failure (I11.0) and hypertensive heart disease without heart failure (I11.9) are distinguished from chronic rheumatic heart diseases (I05-I09), other forms of heart disease (I30-I52) and ischemic heart diseases (I20-I25).
[10] [11] Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has shown the ability to reverse left ventricular remodeling in some patients. [12] [13] Early correction of congenital heart defects, if appropriate, may prevent remodeling, as will treatment of chronic hypertension or valvular heart disease. Often, reverse remodeling, or improvement in left ...
Gross pathology of left ventricular hypertrophy. Left ventricle is at right in image, serially sectioned from apex to near base. There are several sets of criteria used to diagnose LVH via electrocardiography. [10] None of them are perfect, though by using multiple criteria sets, the sensitivity and specificity are increased.
Pre-operative severe left ventricular hypertrophy is a contributing factor to morbidity. [35] The risk of dying as a result of aortic valve replacement is estimated at 1–3%. [36] [37] [38] Combining aortic valve replacement with coronary artery bypass grafting increases the risk of mortality. [36]
LVH may interfere with heart functionality in a number of ways. Before progression to a dilated phenotype, mechanical obstruction of the outflow tract can occur, leading to reduced cardiac output. Additionally, increased fibrosis of the ventricle can result in a failure to relax appropriately which impairs cardiac filling and may lead to ...