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Psychological projection is a defence mechanism of alterity concerning "inside" content mistaken to be coming from the "outside" Other. [1] It forms the basis of empathy by the projection of personal experiences to understand someone else's subjective world. [ 1 ]
In the first definitive book on defence mechanisms, The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defence (1936), [7] Anna Freud enumerated the ten defence mechanisms that appear in the works of her father, Sigmund Freud: repression, regression, reaction formation, isolation, undoing, projection, introjection, turning against one's own person, reversal into the opposite, and sublimation or displacement.
In social psychology, social projection is the psychological process through which an individual expects behaviors or attitudes of others to be similar to their own. Social projection occurs between individuals as well as across ingroup and outgroup contexts in a variety of domains. [ 1 ]
Projective identification is a term introduced by Melanie Klein and then widely adopted in psychoanalytic psychotherapy.Projective identification may be used as a type of defense, a means of communicating, a primitive form of relationship, or a route to psychological change; [1] used for ridding the self of unwanted parts or for controlling the other's body and mind.
List of psychological effects; Media bias – Bias within the mass media; Mind projection fallacy – Informal fallacy that the way one sees the world reflects the way the world really is; Motivated reasoning – Using emotionally-biased reasoning to produce justifications or make decisions
Psychological projection is a theory in psychology and psychoanalysis in which humans defend themselves against undesirable emotions by denying their existence in themselves while attributing them to others. [21] Projection is considered a normal and common process in everyday life. [22]
Astral projection or mental projection – The ability to voluntarily project an astral body or mental body, being associated with the out-of-body experience, in which one's consciousness is felt to separate from the physical body temporarily. [1] [page needed] Atmokinesis – The ability to control the weather by calling for rainfall or storms.
The false-consensus effect is just one example of such an inaccuracy. [12] The second influential theory is projection, the idea that people project their own attitudes and beliefs onto others. [13] This idea of projection is not a new concept.