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Cellulose nitrate (c. 1889 – c. 1950) is the first of film supports.It can be found as roll film, motion picture film, and sheet film. It is difficult to determine the dates when all nitrate film was discontinued, however, Eastman Kodak last manufactured nitrate film in 1951. [1]
Adox was a German camera and film brand of Fotowerke Dr. C. Schleussner GmbH of Frankfurt am Main, the world's first photographic materials manufacturer. In the 1950s it launched its revolutionary thin layer sharp black and white kb 14 and 17 films, referred to by US distributors as the 'German wonder film'. [1]
[42] [43] The BFI Southbank in London is the only cinema in the United Kingdom licensed to show Nitrate Film. [44] The use of nitrate film and its fiery potential were certainly not issues limited to the realm of motion pictures or to commercial still photography. The film was also used for many years in medicine, where its hazardous nature was ...
Although a very early pioneer in trichromatic color film (as early as 1908), invented by German chemists Rudolf Fischer and Benno Homolka [], Agfa film was first made commercially available in 1936 (16 mm reversal and 35 mm), [2] Agfa-Gevaert has discontinued their line of motion picture camera films.
Cellulose acetate film, or safety film, is used in photography as a base material for photographic emulsions. It was introduced in the early 20th century by film manufacturers and intended as a safe film base replacement for unstable and highly flammable nitrate film. Cellulose diacetate film was first employed commercially for photographic ...
By 1911, the major American film studios had reverted to nitrate stock. [12] "Safety film" was relegated to sub-35 mm formats such as 16 mm and 8 mm until improvements were made in the late 1940s. Nitrate film is also chemically unstable and over time can decay into a sticky mass or a powder akin to gunpowder. This process can be very ...
The changeover was completed for X-ray films in 1933, but although safety film was always used for 16 mm and 8 mm home movies, nitrate film remained standard for theatrical 35 mm films until it was finally discontinued in 1951. [48] Hurter and Driffield began pioneering work on the light sensitivity of photographic emulsions in 1876.
Film has been made on a variety of materials, including nitrate-based film stock (see: Nitrocellulose) and acetate-based film stocks, and polyester-backed film. [8] Due to that difference, each of these film types have a different conservation strategy. [8] Nitrate film must be handled carefully, as it is highly flammable. [8]