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Tollens' reagent (chemical formula ()) is a chemical reagent used to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones along with some alpha-hydroxy ketones which can tautomerize into aldehydes. The reagent consists of a solution of silver nitrate , ammonium hydroxide and some sodium hydroxide (to maintain a basic pH of the reagent solution).
Tollens' reagent: a chemical test most commonly used to determine whether a known carbonyl-containing compound is an aldehyde or a ketone Triphenylphosphine: used in the synthesis of organic and organometallic compounds
An oligosaccharide has both a reducing and a non-reducing end. The reducing end of an oligosaccharide is the monosaccharide residue with hemiacetal functionality, thereby capable of reducing the Tollens’ reagent, while the non-reducing end is the monosaccharide residue in acetal form, thus incapable of reducing the Tollens’ reagent. [2]
In organic chemistry, Fehling's solution is a chemical reagent used to differentiate between water-soluble carbohydrate and ketone (>C=O) functional groups, and as a test for reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars, supplementary to the Tollens' reagent test. The test was developed by German chemist Hermann von Fehling in 1849. [1]
In chemistry, a reagent (/ r i ˈ eɪ dʒ ən t / ree-AY-jənt) or analytical reagent is a substance or compound added to a system to cause a chemical reaction, or test if one occurs. [1] The terms reactant and reagent are often used interchangeably, but reactant specifies a substance consumed in the course of a chemical reaction. [ 1 ]
3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine or TMB is a chromogenic substrate used in staining procedures in immunohistochemistry as well as being a visualising reagent used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays . [1] TMB is a white solid that forms a pale blue-green liquid in solution with ethyl acetate.
"Fulminating silver", though always referring to an explosive silver-containing substance, is an ambiguous term. While it may be a synonym of silver fulminate, it may also refer to the nitride or azide, the decomposition product of Tollen's reagent, or an alchemical mixture, which does not contain the fulminate anion.
α-hydroxy ketones give positive Tollens' and Fehling's test. Some acyloins rearrange with positions swapped under the influence of base in the Lobry–de Bruyn–van Ekenstein transformation; A similar reaction is the so-called Voigt amination [6] where an acyloin reacts with a primary amine and phosphorus pentoxide to an α-keto amine: [7]