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The chain-ladder or development [1] method is a prominent [2] [3] actuarial loss reserving technique. The chain-ladder method is used in both the property and casualty [1] [4] and health insurance [5] fields. Its intent is to estimate incurred but not reported claims and project ultimate loss amounts. [5]
The Ladder from Hatch Escapes has become one of the most buzzed-about escape rooms in the country, redefining how puzzles can tell stories. This L.A. escape room explores corporate greed — and ...
Outside of such classes, pattern search is a heuristic that can provide useful approximate solutions for some issues, but can fail on others. Outside of such classes, pattern search is not an iterative method that converges to a solution; indeed, pattern-search methods can converge to non-stationary points on some relatively tame problems. [6] [7]
The pattern derives its name from the fact that it is characterized by a contraction in price range and converging trend lines, thus giving it a triangular shape. [1] Triangle patterns can be broken down into three categories: the ascending triangle, the descending triangle, and the symmetrical triangle.
The theory was developed further by Frank E Bird in 1966 based on the analysis of 1.7 million accident reports from almost 300 companies. He produced an amended triangle that showed a relationship of one serious injury accident to 10 minor injury (first aid only) accidents, to 30 damage causing accidents, to 600 near misses.
By connecting all vectors using a Delaunay triangulation criterion it is possible to characterize gradient asymmetries computing the so-called gradient asymmetry coefficient, that has been defined as: =, where > is the total number of asymmetric vectors, is the number of Delaunay connections among them and the property > is valid for any gradient square lattice.
This type of head and shoulders pattern has more than one left or right shoulders or head. It is also known as multiple head and shoulders pattern. [citation needed] One particular type is known as a Wyckoff distribution, which usually consists of a head with two left shoulders and a weaker right shoulder. [citation needed]
Chapter 2 establishes the mathematical tools required to perform the symmetry analysis of patterns. Chapter 3 introduces the concept of color symmetry, for two-colored and multicolored patterns. Chapters 4 and 5 describe the one-dimensional (frieze) designs and the two-dimensional (plane) designs respectively; flow charts are used to help the ...