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Polotsk (Russian: Полоцк) or Polatsk (Belarusian: Полацк, romanized: Polack) [a] is a town in Vitebsk Region, Belarus. It is situated on the Dvina River and serves as the administrative center of Polotsk District. Polotsk is served by Polotsk Airport and Borovitsy air base. As of 2024, it has a population of 79,579. [1]
Monument to the Geographical Centre of Europe in Polotsk, Belarus. In 2000 Belarusian scientists Alexey Solomonov and Valery Anoshko published a report that stated the geographic centre of Europe was located near Lake Sho (Belarusian: Шо) in Vitebsk Region. [17]
It is located in the north of the country, and borders on Russia. As of 2019 the region had a population of 1,135,731 [4] and the lowest population-density for any region in Belarus: 30.6 p/km². Important cities within the region include Vitebsk, Orsha, Polotsk, and Novopolotsk.
The Principality of Polotsk, and especially its capital at Polotsk, was an early cultural center of Belarus. The Saint Sophia Cathedral in Polotsk is one example of Rus' architecture that survives in Belarus, although it has been heavily modified, and the Saint Eufrosyne Monastery in Polotsk also dates from this period.
The Principality of Polotsk (obsolete spelling: Polock; Belarusian: По́лацкае кня́ства, romanized: Polackaje kniastva; Latin: Polocensis Ducatus), also known as the Duchy of Polotsk or Polotskian Rus', [1] was a medieval principality. [2] The origin and date of the establishment of the state are uncertain.
Polotsk District or Polatsk District (Belarusian: Полацкі раён, romanized: Polacki rajon; Russian: Полоцкий район, romanized: Polotsky rayon) is a district of Vitebsk Region in Belarus. [2] The administrative center of the district is Polotsk. [1] The city of Novopolotsk is administratively separated from the district. [1]
Cathedral of Holy Wisdom in Polotsk. The Cathedral of Holy Wisdom (Belarusian: Полацкі Сафійскі сабор, romanized: Polacki Safijski sabor) was a cathedral in Polotsk that was built by Prince Vseslav Briacheslavich (1044–1101) between 1044 (first mentioned in the Voskresenskaia Chronicle under the year 1056) and 1066.
The appanage principality of Drutsk was established after the death of Vseslav, the Prince of Polotsk, in 1101 and the division of the Polatsk territory between Vseslav's sons. Drutsk was given to Rogvolod-Boris. Soon its territory was taken over by another appanage duchy of Polotsk, Principality of Minsk governed by Gleb Vseslavich.