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A vertex with a large degree, also called a heavy node, results in a large diagonal entry in the Laplacian matrix dominating the matrix properties. Normalization is aimed to make the influence of such vertices more equal to that of other vertices, by dividing the entries of the Laplacian matrix by the vertex degrees.
In the mathematical field of algebraic graph theory, the degree matrix of an undirected graph is a diagonal matrix which contains information about the degree of each vertex—that is, the number of edges attached to each vertex. [1]
Laplacian smoothing is an algorithm to smooth a polygonal mesh. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] For each vertex in a mesh, a new position is chosen based on local information (such as the position of neighbours) and the vertex is moved there.
In mathematics, the discrete Laplace operator is an analog of the continuous Laplace operator, defined so that it has meaning on a graph or a discrete grid.For the case of a finite-dimensional graph (having a finite number of edges and vertices), the discrete Laplace operator is more commonly called the Laplacian matrix.
The discrete Laplacian (or Kirchhoff matrix) is obtained from the oriented incidence matrix B(G) by the formula B ( G ) B ( G ) T . {\displaystyle B(G)B(G)^{\textsf {T}}.} The integral cycle space of a graph is equal to the null space of its oriented incidence matrix, viewed as a matrix over the integers or real or complex numbers .
In the mathematical field of graph theory, Kirchhoff's theorem or Kirchhoff's matrix tree theorem named after Gustav Kirchhoff is a theorem about the number of spanning trees in a graph, showing that this number can be computed in polynomial time from the determinant of a submatrix of the graph's Laplacian matrix; specifically, the number is equal to any cofactor of the Laplacian matrix.
The complete bipartite graph K m,n has a vertex covering number of min{m, n} and an edge covering number of max{m, n}. The complete bipartite graph K m,n has a maximum independent set of size max{m, n}. The adjacency matrix of a complete bipartite graph K m,n has eigenvalues √ nm, − √ nm and 0; with multiplicity 1, 1 and n + m − 2 ...
The spherical Laplacian is the Laplace–Beltrami operator on the (n − 1)-sphere with its canonical metric of constant sectional curvature 1. It is convenient to regard the sphere as isometrically embedded into R n as the unit sphere centred at the origin. Then for a function f on S n−1, the spherical Laplacian is defined by