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MEN2 and MEN1 are distinct conditions, despite their similar names. MEN2 includes MEN2A, MEN2B and familial medullary thyroid cancer (FMTC). [citation needed] The common feature among the three sub-types of MEN2 is a high propensity to develop medullary thyroid carcinoma. A variant of MEAs 2A was described in 1989. [7]
Medullary thyroid cancer is a form of thyroid carcinoma which originates from the parafollicular cells (C cells), which produce the hormone calcitonin. [1] Medullary tumors are the third most common of all thyroid cancers and together make up about 3% of all thyroid cancer cases. [ 2 ]
FMTC = familial medullary thyroid cancer Micrograph of a medullary thyroid carcinoma, as may be seen in MEN 2A and MEN 2B. H&E stain. MEN 2B is sometimes known as MEN 3 and the designation varies by institution (c.f. www.ClinicalReview.com). Although a variety of additional eponyms have been proposed for MEN2B (e.g. Williams-Pollock syndrome ...
Without thyroidectomy, almost all patients with MEN2B develop medullary thyroid cancer, in a more aggressive form than MEN 2A. [13] [19] The ideal age for surgery is 4 years old or younger, since cancer may metastasize before age 10. [14] Pheochromocytoma - a hormone secreting tumor of the adrenal glands - is also present in 50% of cases. [14]
Thyroid neoplasm is a neoplasm or tumor of the thyroid. It can be a benign tumor such as thyroid adenoma, [1] or it can be a malignant neoplasm (thyroid cancer), such as papillary, follicular, medullary or anaplastic thyroid cancer. [2] Most patients are 25 to 65 years of age when first diagnosed; women are more affected than men.
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Follicular thyroid cancer (10 to 20% of cases [35]) – occasionally seen in people with Cowden syndrome. Some include Hürthle cell carcinoma as a variant and others list it as a separate type. [4] [37] Medullary thyroid cancer (5 [35] to 8% of cases) – cancer of the parafollicular cells, often part of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2. [38]
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