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Flow visualization is the art of making flow patterns visible. Most fluids (air, water, etc.) are transparent, thus their flow patterns are invisible to the naked eye without methods to make them this visible. Historically, such methods included experimental methods.
Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is a non-intrusive optical flow measurement technique used to study fluid flow patterns and velocities. PIV has found widespread applications in various fields of science and engineering, including aerodynamics, combustion, oceanography, and biofluids.
Image-based flow visualization where a grid image is advected by the flow field. In scientific visualization, image-based flow visualization (or visualisation) is a computer modelling technique developed by Jarke van Wijk [1] to visualize two dimensional flows of liquids such as water and air, like the wind movement of a tornado. Compared with ...
Schematic setup of a molecular tagging velocimetry experiment. Molecular tagging velocimetry (MTV) is a specific form of flow velocimetry, a technique for determining the velocity of currents in fluids such as air and water. [1] In its simplest form, a single "write" laser beam is shot once through the sample
The Mach–Zehnder interferometer's relatively large and freely accessible working space, and its flexibility in locating the fringes has made it the interferometer of choice for visualizing flow in wind tunnels, [40] [41] and for flow visualization studies in general. It is frequently used in the fields of aerodynamics, plasma physics and heat ...
The interferometer has been used, among other things, to measure phase shifts between the two beams caused by a sample or a change in length of one of the paths. The apparatus is named after the physicists Ludwig Mach (the son of Ernst Mach ) and Ludwig Zehnder ; Zehnder's proposal in an 1891 article [ 1 ] was refined by Mach in an 1892 article ...
Schlieren flow visualization of a Lockheed SR-71 Pratt & Whitney J58 engine inlet at Mach 2. Schlieren flow visualization is based on the deflection of light by a refractive index gradient [4] The index gradient is directly related to flow density gradient. The deflected light is compared to undeflected light at a viewing screen.
Commercially available laboratory-based chemical imaging systems emerged in the early 1990s (ref. 1-5). In addition to economic factors, such as the need for sophisticated electronics and extremely high-end computers, a significant barrier to commercialization of infrared imaging was that the focal plane array (FPA) needed to read IR images were not readily available as commercial items.