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This white, water-soluble powder has a wide range of applications across industries. Originally derived from gluconic acid in the 19th century, Sodium Gluconate is known for its chelating properties and is utilized as a chelating agent in various processes. It finds applications in textile, metal surface treatment, cement, and more.
A chelating agent is the main component of some rust removal formulations. Citric acid is used to soften water in soaps and laundry detergents. A common synthetic chelator is EDTA. Phosphonates are also well-known chelating agents. Chelators are used in water treatment programs and specifically in steam engineering.
Tetrasodium iminodisuccinate is a chelating agent, forming complexes of moderate stability (10 −16), which includes (as a pentadentate ligand) alkaline earth and polyvalent heavy metal ions with one molecule of water in an octahedral structure. [7] In 0.25% aqueous solution, a pH of 11.5 results for tetrasodium iminodisuccinate. The salt is ...
It is a white solid that is highly soluble in water. Commercial samples are often hydrated, e.g. Na 4 EDTA. 4H 2 O. The properties of solutions produced from the anhydrous and hydrated forms are the same, provided they are at the same pH. It is used as a source of the chelating agent EDTA 4-. A 1% aqueous solution has a pH of approximately 11.3.
Nitrilotriacetic acid is commercially available as the free acid and as the sodium salt. It is produced from ammonia , formaldehyde , and sodium cyanide or hydrogen cyanide . Worldwide capacity is estimated at 100 thousand tonnes per year. [ 6 ]
DOTA is derived from the macrocycle known as cyclen.The four secondary amine groups are modified by replacement of the N-H centers with N-CH 2 CO 2 H groups. The resulting aminopolycarboxylic acid, upon ionization of the carboxylic acid groups, is a high affinity chelating agent for di- and trivalent cations.
EDDHA or ethylenediamine-N,N ′-bis(2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) is a chelating agent. Like EDTA, it binds metal ions as a hexadentate ligand, using two amines, two phenolate centers, and two carboxylates as the six binding sites. The complexes are typically anionic. The ligand itself is a white, water-soluble powder.
Particles finer than 0.1 μm (10 −7 m) in water remain continuously in motion due to electrostatic charge (often negative) which causes them to repel each other. [citation needed] Once their electrostatic charge is neutralized by the use of a coagulant chemical, the finer particles start to collide and agglomerate (collect together) under the influence of Van der Waals forces.