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Visual or vision impairment (VI or VIP) is the partial or total inability of visual perception.In the absence of treatment such as corrective eyewear, assistive devices, and medical treatment, visual impairment may cause the individual difficulties with normal daily tasks, including reading and walking. [6]
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis 50-60% have ophthalmologic manifestations, which can be a presenting feature in a minority of patients. Orbital disease is the most common manifestation, and may result in proptosis , restrictive ophthalmopathy , chronic orbital pain, and in chronic cases, orbital retraction syndrome and intractable socket pain.
A cataract is a cloudy area in the lens of the eye that leads to a decrease in vision of the eye. [ 1 ] [ 7 ] Cataracts often develop slowly and can affect one or both eyes. [ 1 ] Symptoms may include faded colours, blurry or double vision , halos around light, trouble with bright lights, and difficulty seeing at night . [ 1 ]
A motor inability can make a person respond incorrectly to the optotype shown and negatively affect the visual acuity measurement. Variables such as pupil size, background adaptation luminance, duration of presentation, type of optotype used, interaction effects from adjacent visual contours (or "crowding") can all affect visual acuity measurement.
Some sources, such as NATO and the U.S. Department of Defense, state that "flash blindness" can be temporary or permanent. [3] Other sources restrict the use of the word to temporary, reversible vision loss, distinguishing it from permanent blindness in a hierarchy of effects: "when the eye perceives bright light one of four reactions may take ...
Chemical injury can occur if cleaning solutions such as povidone-iodine (Betadine), chlorhexidine or alcohol are inadvertently spilt into the eye, for example when the face, neck or shoulder is being prepped for surgery. [4] [1] Therefore, the anaesthetist ensures that the eyes are fully closed and remain closed throughout the procedure.