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Jan. 11—A judge who has presided over the Montgomery County Juvenile Court for the last 18 years and helped transform it using specialized dockets and technology will retire at the end of the year.
Juvenile court, also known as young offender's court or children's court, is a tribunal having special authority to pass judgements for crimes committed by children who have not attained the age of majority. In most modern legal systems, children who commit a crime are treated differently from legal adults who have committed the same offense.
A law clerk of Judge Richard S. Lowe in the Montgomery County Court of Common Pleas from 1977 to 1978, Gantman was employed as the solicitor for both the Montgomery County Office of Children and Youth and the Montgomery County Housing and Community Development from 1978 to 2002, and a Montgomery County assistant district attorney for the major felony-homicide unit from 1978 to 1981.
Montgomery v. Louisiana, 577 U.S. 190 (2016), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that its previous ruling in Miller v. Alabama (2012), [1] that a mandatory life sentence without parole should not apply to persons convicted of murder committed as juveniles, should be applied retroactively.
The nation's first juvenile court was formed in Illinois in 1899 and provided a legal distinction between juvenile abandonment and crime. [8] The law that established the court, the Illinois Juvenile Court Law of 1899, was created largely because of the advocacy of women such as Jane Addams, Louise DeKoven Bowen, Lucy Flower and Julia Lathrop, who were members of the influential Chicago Woman ...
Officials at the state Department of Juvenile Justice did not respond to questions about YSI. A department spokeswoman, Meghan Speakes Collins, pointed to overall improvements the state has made in its contract monitoring process, such as conducting more interviews with randomly selected youth to get a better understanding of conditions and analyzing problematic trends such as high staff turnover.
The decision of Montgomery barred the use of life sentences without parole "for all but the rarest of juvenile offenders, those whose crimes reflect permanent incorrigibility". [4] Following Miller and Montgomery , several states adjusted their laws to reflect the Court's rulings but Mississippi remained a state where life sentences could still ...
Most district courts consider both criminal and civil cases but, in counties with many courts, each may specialize in civil, criminal, juvenile, or family law matters. [ 2 ] The Texas tradition of one judge per district court is descended from what was the dominant form of American state trial court organization for much of the 19th century ...