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Ex-ante is used most commonly in the commercial world, where results of a particular action, or series of actions, are forecast (or intended). The opposite of ex-ante is ex-post (actual) (or ex post). Buying a lottery ticket loses you money ex ante (in expectation), but if you win, it was the right decision ex post. [2]
ex post: from after Based on knowledge of the past. ex post facto: from a thing done afterward Commonly said as "after the fact." ex post facto law: A retroactive law. E.g. a law that makes illegal an act that was not illegal when it was done. ex proprio motu: by [one's] own motion Commonly spoken as "by one's own accord." ex rel
The property rights approach based on incomplete contracting has been criticized by Williamson (2000) because it is focused on ex-ante investment incentives, while it neglects ex-post inefficiencies. [15]
The method may be applied either ex-post or ex-ante. Applied ex-ante, the IRR is an estimate of a future annual rate of return. Applied ex-post, it measures the actual achieved investment return of a historical investment. It is also called the discounted cash flow rate of return (DCFROR) [1] or yield rate. [2]
In the case of contracts stated in terms of the nominal interest rate, the real interest rate is known only at the end of the period of the loan, based on the realized inflation rate; this is called the ex-post real interest rate. Since the introduction of inflation-indexed bonds, ex-ante real interest rates have become observable. [2]
ex post: from after "Afterward", "after the event". Based on knowledge of the past. Measure of past performance ex post facto: from a thing done afterward: Said of a law with retroactive effect ex professo: from one declaring [an art or science] Or 'with due competence'. Said of the person who perfectly knows his art or science. Also used to ...
In this analysis, the nominal rate is the stated rate, and the real interest rate is the interest after the expected losses due to inflation. Since the future inflation rate can only be estimated, the ex ante and ex post (before and after the fact) real interest rates may be different; the premium paid to actual inflation (higher or lower).
Another example of an ex post facto criminal law in the UK is the Criminal Justice Act 2003. This law allows people acquitted of murder and certain other serious offences to be retried if there is "new, compelling, reliable and substantial evidence" that the acquitted person really was guilty.