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In Pakistan, according to the Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply and Sanitation of the World Health Organization and UNICEF, access in Pakistan to an improved water source increased from 85% in 1990 to 92% in 2010. In the same time, improved sanitation coverage increased from 27% to 48% (see table 1).
Within this choice set, the preferred water tariff depends on multiple factors including: the goals of water pricing; the capacity of a water services supplier to allocate its costs, to price water, and to collect revenues from its customers; the price responsiveness of water consumers; and what is considered to be a fair or just water tariff. [4]
Water metering is the practice of measuring water use. Water meters measure the volume of water used by residential and commercial building units that are supplied with water by a public water supply system. They are also used to determine flow through a particular portion of the system.
Warabandi is an Urdu word that combines wahr ("turn") and bandi ("fixed)"; [2] [3] the term means rotation of water supply according to a fixed schedule. [4] [3] The Warabandi system can allocate the same volume of water to each farmer on a rotational basis, according to the regular and approved time schedule, which includes the day supply will start and how long the water runs.
0.1 × ( 12 ÷ 8 ) = 0.15 grain per dscf when corrected to a gas having a specified reference CO 2 content of 12 volume %. Notes: Although ppmv and grains per dscf have been used in the above examples, concentrations such as ppbv (i.e., parts per billion by volume), volume percent, grams per dscm and many others may also be used.
Parts-per notation is often used describing dilute solutions in chemistry, for instance, the relative abundance of dissolved minerals or pollutants in water.The quantity "1 ppm" can be used for a mass fraction if a water-borne pollutant is present at one-millionth of a gram per gram of sample solution.
The sector contributes about 25% of the Pakistan's GNP (2000-2001). [8] The country still has the world's largest contiguous irrigation system. [9] In 1999-2000, the total irrigated area in Pakistan was 181,000 km². [10] Water is also essential for power generation in Pakistan, since about 29% is generated through hydropower. [11]
The Water And Sanitation Agency (WASA) is chaired [2] by the Managing Director (MD), currently WASA Lahore headed by Mr Ghufran Ahmed, he has over 30 years of experience in Operations, Public Health, Engineering & Management, and further assisted by three Deputy Managing Directors (DMDs) that are DMD (F&R) Finance, Administration and Revenue, DMD (O&M) Operation & Maintenance, and DMD (E ...