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Two other methods are reported, the chlorostannate process and the ferrocyanide process. [30] [37] For several years in the 1950s and 1960s, a by-product of potassium production called Alkarb was a main source for rubidium. Alkarb contained 21% rubidium, with the rest being potassium and a small amount of caesium. [38]
A solid solution, a term popularly used for metals, is a homogeneous mixture of two compounds in solid state and having a single crystal structure. [1] Many examples can be found in metallurgy , geology , and solid-state chemistry .
Radiochemistry is the chemistry of radioactive materials, where radioactive isotopes of elements are used to study the properties and chemical reactions of non-radioactive isotopes (often within radiochemistry the absence of radioactivity leads to a substance being described as being inactive as the isotopes are stable).
Radium fluoride (RaF 2) is a highly radioactive compound. It can be coprecipitated with lanthanide fluorides. [4] Radium fluoride has the same crystal form as calcium fluoride . It can be prepared by the reaction of radium metal and hydrogen fluoride gas: [citation needed] Ra + 2 HF → RaF 2 + H 2. Radium chloride (RaCl 2) is a colorless ...
It forms the colorless Ra 2+ cation in aqueous solution, which is highly basic and does not form complexes readily. [5] Most radium compounds are therefore simple ionic compounds, [5] though participation from the 6s and 6p electrons (in addition to the valence 7s electrons) is expected due to relativistic effects and would enhance the covalent ...
The formation of 99 TcO 2 on steel surfaces is one effect which will retard the release of 99 Tc from nuclear waste drums and nuclear equipment which has been lost before decontamination (e.g. submarine reactors lost at sea). This 99 TcO 2 layer renders the steel surface passive, inhibiting the anodic corrosion reaction. The radioactive nature ...
Irradiation of a solution at pH 1.8 soluble Tc(IV) complexes are formed. Irradiation of a solution at pH 2.7 forms a mixture of the colloid and the soluble Tc(IV) compounds. [16] Gamma irradiation has been used in the synthesis of nanoparticles of gold on iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3). [17]
Ionic compounds without these ions are also known as salts and can be formed by acid–base reactions. Ionic compounds can also be produced from their constituent ions by evaporation of their solvent, precipitation, freezing, a solid-state reaction, or the electron transfer reaction of reactive metals with reactive non-metals, such as halogen ...