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Compared to earlier Homo, H. erectus has smaller teeth, thinner enamel, and weaker mandibles (jawbone), likely due to a greater reliance on tool use and food processing. [52] The brain size of H. erectus varies considerably, but is generally smaller in H. erectus sensu lato, as low as 546 cc (33.3 cu in) in Dmanisi skull 5. [53]
D4500's features are very rare compared to early Homo in that it had a small braincase yet an unusually large prognathic face. [2] "Skull 5" has an accompanying mandible, D2600, which was found in 2000. In 1999 two other skulls had been found at the same site—D2280 and D2282. D2280 was a near-complete brain-case with 780 cc brain-size.
The size of the brain is a frequent topic of study within the fields of anatomy, biological anthropology, animal science and evolution.Measuring brain size and cranial capacity is relevant both to humans and other animals, and can be done by weight or volume via MRI scans, by skull volume, or by neuroimaging intelligence testing.
[19]: 136 Overall, Asian H. erectus are big-brained, averaging roughly 1,000 cc (61 cu in). [20] For comparison, a 1955 survey of 63 Aboriginal Australians reported a brain volume range of 943 to 1,399 cc (57.5 to 85.4 cu in); that is, Asian H. erectus brain volume fits within the modern human range of variation. [21]
The Dmanisi skull, also known as Skull 5 or D4500, is one of five skulls discovered in Dmanisi, Georgia and classified as early Homo erectus.Described in a publication in October 2013, it is estimated to be about 1.8 million years old and is the most complete skull of a Pleistocene Homo species, [1] [2] and the first complete adult hominin skull of that degree of antiquity.
Asian H. erectus overall are rather big-brained, averaging roughly 1,000 cc. [89] Encephalisation quotients (the ratio between observed to predicted brain mass for an animal of a given size, cautiously used as an indicator of intelligence) typically score from three to four for "classic" H. erectus assuming a body weight on the whereabouts of ...
Leakey named it "Chellean Man", in reference to the Oldowan tools found at the site, which were then referred to by the now-obsolete name Chellean.Heberer (1963) provisionally named a new species Homo leakeyi based on the specimen in honor of Leakey, [3] but most subsequent workers have regarded it as Homo ergaster, or as Homo erectus (H. ergaster is sometimes regarded as a subspecies of H ...
Homo (from Latin homÅ 'human') is a genus of great ape (family Hominidae) that emerged from the genus Australopithecus and encompasses only a single extant species, Homo sapiens (modern humans), along with a number of extinct species (collectively called archaic humans) classified as either ancestral or closely related to modern humans; these include Homo erectus and Homo neanderthalensis.