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The earliest historical linguistic evidence of the spoken Chinese language dates back approximately 4500 years, [1] while examples of the writing system that would become written Chinese are attested in a body of inscriptions made on bronze vessels and oracle bones during the Late Shang period (c. 1250 – 1050 BCE), [2] [3] with the very oldest dated to c. 1200 BCE.
Chinese may be viewed either as a holistic unit with great internal topological variation, or as an entire language family comprising many groupings of varieties. Written Chinese makes use of Chinese characters , one of the four independent inventions of writing agreed by scholars, and the only one of these remaining in use.
The Chinese language has always consisted of a wide variety of dialects; hence prestige dialects and linguae francae have always been needed. Confucius (c. 551 – c. 479 BC) referred to yayan 'elegant speech' modeled on the dialect of the Zhou dynasty royal lands rather than regional dialects; texts authored during the Han dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD) also refer to tongyu (通語 'common ...
The Chinese Historical Review is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal published by Taylor & Francis on behalf of Chinese Historians in the United States.The journal publishes original research on the history of China in every period, China's historical relations with the world, the historical experiences of the overseas Chinese, as well as comparative and transnational studies of history ...
The tempest of language: 1981 中国语文的现代化: Zhōngguó yǔwén de xiàndàihuà: Modernization of the Chinese language: 1986 世界字母简史: Shìjiè zìmǔ jiǎn shǐ: A brief history of the world's alphabets: 1990 新语文的建设: Xīn yǔwén de jiànshè: Constructing new languages: 1992 中国语文纵横谈: Zhōngguó ...
In the early 20th century, reformers decided that China needed a national language. The traditional written form, Literary Chinese , was replaced with written vernacular Chinese , which drew its vocabulary and grammar from a range of Northern dialects (now known as Mandarin dialects).
There are several hundred languages in China.The predominant language is Standard Chinese, which is based on Beijingese, but there are hundreds of related Chinese languages, collectively known as Hanyu (simplified Chinese: 汉语; traditional Chinese: 漢語; pinyin: Hànyǔ, 'Han language'), that are spoken by 92% of the population.
The Language Atlas of China (simplified Chinese: 中国语言地图集; traditional Chinese: 中國語言地圖集; pinyin: Zhōngguó yǔyán dìtú jí), published by Hong Kong Longman Publishing Company in two parts in 1987 and 1989, maps the distribution of both the varieties of Chinese and minority languages of China.