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They are the oldest examples of artificially mummified human remains, having been buried up to two thousand years before the Egyptian mummies. The earliest mummy that has been found in Egypt dates from around 3000 BCE, [ 1 ] while the oldest purposefully artificially preserved [ 2 ] Chinchorro mummy dates from around 5050 BCE.
The site where the mummies were found has been described as "the world's highest archaeological site". Llullaillaco is in the Atacama Desert, the driest non-polar desert on Earth. [16] The extreme dryness of the air is a major reason for the excellent preservation of the mummies for 500 years. [17]
The mummies were found buried in upside-down boats with hundreds of 13-foot-long wooden poles in the place of tombstones. [56] DNA sequence data [57] shows that the mummies had Haplogroup R1a (Y-DNA) characteristic of western Eurasia in the area of East-Central Europe, Central Asia and the Indus Valley. [58]
The mummies were then embalmed with one of the above materials. Red and black face masks with characteristic holes for the mouth, nose and eyes were created by using color pigments and were presumably modeled after the faces of the deceased. The dead were then placed on cloths made of reeds and buried superficially in the desert soil. [10]
The following is a list of mummies that include Egyptian pharaohs and their named mummified family members. [a] Some of these mummies have been found to be remarkably intact, while others have been damaged from tomb robbers and environmental conditions (with some only having small fragments representing the mummy as a result).
More than 900 years ago, 22 people were wrapped in fabric and buried in Peru. Now, archaeologists have discovered their mummies — and the treasures they took with them to the grave.
The Princess of Xiaohe (Chinese: 小河公主) or Little River Princess was found in 2003 at Xiaohe Cemetery in Lop Nur, Xinjiang.She is one of the Tarim mummies, and is known as M11 for the tomb she was found in. Buried approximately 3,800 years ago, she has European and Siberian genes [1] [2] and has white skin and red hair.
Believed to have ruled for approximately 12 years between 2300 and 2181 B.C., Teti was the first king of the Sixth Dynasty of ancient Egypt. Although Teti’s sarcophagus is 4,300 years old ...