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Ali, a cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was the first of the Twelve Imams, and, in the Twelvers view, the rightful successor to Muhammad, followed by male descendants of Muhammad through his daughter Fatimah. Each Imam was the son of the previous Imam, with the exception of Al-Husayn, who was the brother of Al-Hasan.
Shia believe in the Twelve Imams who are divinely inspired descendants of Muhammad. They must meet these attributes: nass (designation by the previous Imam), Ismah (infallibility), ilm (divine knowledge), Walayah (spiritual guidance). [95] The Twelve Imams are the spiritual and political successors to Muhammad, based on Twelver's belief. [96]
Ali was the first of the Twelve Imams, and, in the Twelvers and Sufis' view, the rightful successor to Muhammad, followed by male descendants of Muhammad through his daughter Fatimah. Each Imam was the son of the previous Imam, with the exception of Husayn ibn Ali, who was the brother of Hasan ibn Ali.
This also implied that every new piece of divine knowledge was presented first to the imam's predecessors and then to him. [90] At a mystical level, Muhammad, Fatima, and the twelve imams, collectively known as the fourteen infallibles, are said to have been created from a nobler substance than the clay from which prophets were made. [91]
Khalil Allah II Ali, last imam of Anjudan, 1671–1680. Shah Nizar II, established imamate in Kahak, 1680–1722. Sayyid Ali, in Kahak, 1722–1736. Sayyid Hasan Ali, established imamate in Shahr-e Babak, Kerman, 1736-1747, first Imam who abandoned the practice of taqiyya. Qasim Ali (Sayyid Ja'far), in Kerman, 1747-1756
Also, the lack of caliphate position does not diminish the rank of the Imam. Henry Corbin says that in Shi'ism the Imamate goes beyond the competition of families for power. Imamate does not depend on the confession and acceptance of the people. Rather, it is rooted in the divine splendour of the Imam, which people are unable to understand. [11]
According to the Hadith of the Twelve Successors, Muhammad said that the Islamic leadership is in Quraysh (i.e. his tribe) and that 12 "imams" (also called "princes" or "caliphs") shall succeed him. [35] [36] [37] Twelver Shias believe in twelve imams. They believe eleven of the imams were killed but that the twelfth imam is still alive.
Kashf al-Yaqin or Kashf al-Yaqin fi Faḍā'il Amīr al-Mu'minīn (Arabic: کشف الیقین) (English: Certainty Uncovered) is a short book on the life of Imam Ali ('Alī Ibn Abī Ṭālib'), the first Imam of the Shia Islam, which was written by the Shi'ite scholar Allamah Al-Hilli.