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Fluoridation became an official policy of the U.S. Public Health Service by 1951, and by 1960 water fluoridation had become widely used in the U.S., reaching about 50 million people. [2] By 2006, 69.2% of the U.S. population on public water systems were receiving fluoridated water, amounting to 61.5% of the total U.S. population. [3]
Water fluoridation has been replaced by other modes in many countries where water supplies are too decentralized for it to be a practical choice, or existing natural fluoride levels were already ample, including Germany, Finland, Japan, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland (Switzerland has 1 mg fluoride per 1 liter, [23] USA only between 0.3 mg and ...
A 2002 U.S. review estimated that on average, sealing first permanent molars saves costs when they are decaying faster than 0.47 surfaces per person-year whereas water fluoridation saves costs when total decay incidence exceeds 0.06 surfaces per person-year. [102] In the U.S., water fluoridation is more cost-effective than other methods to ...
In Lordsburg, New Mexico, for example, water samples collected earlier this year had concentrations of fluoride between 5.2 and 6.4 milligrams per liter. Authorities there advise that children ...
The U.S. Public Health Service’s recommendation is a fluoride concentration of 0.7 mg/L of drinking water—and there were not enough data to determine if 0.7 mg/L of fluoride exposure in ...
That doesn't mean the water is fluoride-free: According to the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, the city's groundwater contains fluoride at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 mg/L ...
Fluoride pollution from various industrial emissions can also contaminate water supplies. In a few areas of the United States, fluoride concentrations in water are much higher than normal, mostly from natural sources. In 1986, EPA established a maximum allowable concentration for fluoride in drinking water of 4 milligrams per liter (mg/L).
Some 53% of these water systems have fluoride concentration within recommended levels - between 0.7mg per liter and 1.2mg per liter. Just under half of them (47%) have fluoride concentration under ...