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The five royal tribes of Wales" and "The fifteen tribes of Gwynedd" refer to a class of genealogical lists which were compiled by Welsh bards in the mid-15th century. [1] These non-identical lists were constructed on the premise that many of the leading Welsh families of their time could trace their descent to the "five royal tribes of Wales ...
This is the family tree of the kings of the respective Welsh medieval kingdoms of Gwynedd, Deheubarth and Powys, and some of their more prominent relatives and heirs as the direct male line descendants of Cunedda Wledig of Gwynedd (401 – 1283), and Gwrtheyrn of Powys (c. 5th century – 1160), then also the separate Welsh kingdoms and petty kingdoms, and then eventually Powys Fadog until the ...
The three Royal Houses of Wales' regions were first divided by Rhodri the Great in the 9th century. Of his children, two of King's sons began royal dynasties. Anarawd reigned in Gwynedd , and Cadell founded Deheubarth , then another son Merfyn reigned in Powys (Mathrafal emerged as a cadet branch of Dinefwr in the 11th century). [136] [149]
The Royal House of Mathrafal began as a cadet branch of the Welsh Royal House of Dinefwr, taking their name from Mathrafal Castle. [1] [2] They effectively replaced the House of Gwertherion, who had been ruling the Kingdom of Powys since late Roman Britain, through the politically advantageous marriage of an ancestor, Merfyn the Oppressor. [3]
The Tracts of Powys formed the basis for a considerably larger and better known work of his: The Royal Tribes of Wales, published in 1799. It was written with some help from Walter Davies. It set out to follow the so-called 'Five Royal Tribes of Wales' and the noble pedigrees that sprang from them.
During their time in Britain, the ancient Romans encountered tribes in present-day Wales that they called the Ordovices, the Demetae, the Silures and the Deceangli. [25] The people of what is now Wales were not distinguished from the rest of the peoples of southern Britain; all were called Britons and spoke Common Brittonic, a Celtic language. [26]
This is a list of kingdoms and royal dynasties, organized by geographic region. Note: many countries have had multiple dynasties over the course of recorded history. This is not a comprehensively exhaustive list and may require further additions or historical verification.
Map of Europe showing current monarchies (red) and republics (blue) In the European history, monarchy was the prevalent form of government throughout the Middle Ages, only occasionally competing with communalism, notably in the case of the maritime republics and the Swiss Confederacy.