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It is commonly contrasted with cognitive anxiety, which is the mental manifestation of anxiety, or the specific thought processes that occur during anxiety, such as concern or worry. These components of anxiety are especially studied in sports psychology, [2] specifically relating to how the anxiety symptoms affect athletic performance.
Sport is defined as any physical activity where the individuals engage for competition and health. [2] Sport psychology is recognized as an interdisciplinary science that draws on knowledge from many related fields including biomechanics, physiology, kinesiology and psychology. It involves the study of how psychological factors affect ...
The subject of mental health in association football has been described as a "stigma" in the sport, [1] although other professional sports are also affected. [2] Studies suggest that professional footballers may experience higher rates of depression and anxiety compared to the general population. [3]
Avoidance reinforces the notion that discomfort, distress and anxiety are bad, or dangerous. Sustaining avoidance often requires effort and energy. Avoidance limits one's focus at the expense of fully experiencing what is going on in the present. Avoidance may get in the way of other important, valued aspects of life.
Each behavioural change theory or model focuses on different factors in attempting to explain behaviour change. Of the many that exist, the most prevalent are learning theories, social cognitive theory, theories of reasoned action and planned behaviour, transtheoretical model of behavior change, the health action process approach, and the BJ Fogg model of behavior change.
Provided the behaviour is presenting no problems to the individual or to other people, then there is no need to regard the behaviour as a mental disorder. Those who support the psychodynamic model, however, claim the behavioural model focuses only on symptoms and ignores the causes of abnormal behaviour.
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Gray's anxiety, or BIS, correlates with Eysenck's neuroticism. [11] Gray's impulsivity, or BAS, correlates with Eysenck's extraversion. [ 11 ] Even though Gray's original theory was modified later by Gray himself, the original theory still made some contributions to the study of biological systems and their role in personality. [ 13 ]