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Signs of folate deficiency anemia most of the time are subtle. [4] Anemia (macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia) can be a sign of advanced folate deficiency in adults. [1] Folate deficiency anemia may result in feeling tired, weakness, changes to the color of the skin or hair, open sores on the mouth, shortness of breath, palpitations, lightheadedness, cold hands and feet, headaches, easy bleeding ...
In common forms of MTHFR deficiency, elevated plasma homocysteine levels have sometimes been treated with Vitamin B12 and low doses of folic acid. [2] Although this treatment significantly decreases the serum levels of homocysteine, this treatment is not thought to improve health outcomes. [11] [12] [13]
In children with cerebral folate deficiency, the cerebrospinal fluid shows low levels of 5MTHF, and a loss of white matter in the brain (leukodystrophy) may occur. As a result of the decreased levels of 5MTHF, the child experiences low levels of Vitamin B folate. [12] There is inability for the 5MTHF to be transported across the blood-brain ...
The CSF folate level is usually undetectable at the time of diagnosis. Even when the blood folate level is corrected, or far above normal, the CSF folate level remains low, consistent with impaired transport across the choroid plexus. The normal CSF folate level in children over the first three years of life is in the 75 to 150 nM range.
As a consequence of the biochemical reactions in which homocysteine is involved, deficiencies of vitamin B 6, folic acid (vitamin B 9), and vitamin B 12 can lead to high homocysteine levels. [2] Other possible causes of hyperhomocysteinemia include genetics, excessive methionine intake, and other diseases. [3]
Folic acid is also used as a supplement by women during pregnancy to reduce the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) in the baby. [3] [10] NTDs include anencephaly and spina bifida, among other defects. Low levels in early pregnancy are believed to be the cause of more than half of babies born with NTDs. [1]
Homocysteine (/ ˌ h oʊ m oʊ ˈ s ɪ s t iː n /; symbol Hcy) is a non-proteinogenic α-amino acid. It is a homologue of the amino acid cysteine, differing by an additional methylene bridge (-CH 2-). It is biosynthesized from methionine by the removal of its terminal C ε methyl group.
It has been thought that if someone is deficient in vitamin B 12 and folic acid, the vitamin B 12 deficiency must be treated first. However, the basis for this has been challenged, although due to ethical considerations it is no longer able to be tested if "neuropathy is made more severe as a result of giving folic acid to vitamin B 12 ...