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An acinus (/ ˈ æ s ɪ n ə s /; pl.: acini; adjective, acinar / ˈ æ s ɪ n ər / or acinous) refers to any cluster of cells that resembles a many-lobed "berry", such as a raspberry (acinus is Latin for "berry").
The exocrine pancreas is one of two compartments that include digestive-acting acinar cells and duct cells.They represent an extension of the intercalated duct into each pancreatic acinus. [1] These cells are commonly known as duct cells, and secrete an aqueous bicarbonate solution under stimulation by the hormone secretin. They also secrete ...
These are the compound tubular, compound acinar, and compound tubulo-acinar glands. Every gland is formed by an ingrowth from an epithelial surface. This ingrowth may in the beginning possess a tubular structure, but in other instances glands may start as a solid column of cells which subsequently becomes tubulated. [3]
Merocrine – the cells of the gland excrete their substances by exocytosis into a duct; for example, pancreatic acinar cells, eccrine sweat glands [dubious – discuss], salivary glands, goblet cells, intestinal glands, tear glands, etc. Apocrine – the apical portion of the cytoplasm in the cell membrane, which contains the excretion, buds off.
Acinar cells are stimulated by cholecystokinin (CCK), which is a hormone/neurotransmitter produced by the intestinal cells (I cells) in the duodenum. CCK stimulates production of the pancreatic zymogens. Pancreatic juice, composed of the secretions of both ductal and acinar cells, contains the following digestive enzymes: [11]
Further, because the secretory cells are of both serous and mucous types, the submandibular gland is a mixed gland, and though most of the cells are serous, the exudate is chiefly mucous. It has long striated ducts and short intercalated ducts. [7] The secretory acinar cells of the submandibular gland have distinct functions.
The lacrimal gland is a compound tubuloacinar gland, it is made up of many lobules separated by connective tissue, each lobule contains many acini.The acini composed of large serous cells which, produce a watery serous secretion, serous cells are filled with lightly stained secretory granules and surrounded by well-developed myoepithelial cells and a sparse, vascular stroma.
Each acinus consists of a single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells surrounding a lumen, a central opening where the saliva is deposited after being produced by the secretory cells. The three forms of acini are classified in terms of the type of epithelial cell present and the secretory product being produced - serous, mucoserous, and mucous.