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In biology the term 'condensation' is used much more broadly and can also refer to liquid–liquid phase separation to form colloidal emulsions or liquid crystals within cells, and liquid–solid phase separation to form gels, [1] sols, or suspensions within cells as well as liquid-to-solid phase transitions such as DNA condensation during ...
In human tissue culture cells, the two condensin complexes are regulated differently during the mitotic cell cycle (Figure 4). [ 55 ] [ 56 ] Condensin II is present within the cell nucleus during interphase and participates in an early stage of chromosome condensation within the prophase nucleus.
English: Scanning electron microscopy reveals that sister-chromatid pairs first condense into single rod-like structures during prophase. As mitosis proceeds, chromatid arms are gradually resolved and become almost completely distinct by the end of metaphase.
The human body and even its individual body fluids may be conceptually divided into various fluid compartments, which, although not literally anatomic compartments, do represent a real division in terms of how portions of the body's water, solutes, and suspended elements are segregated. The two main fluid compartments are the intracellular and ...
Condensation reactions likely played major roles in the synthesis of the first biotic molecules including early peptides and nucleic acids. In fact, condensation reactions would be required at multiple steps in RNA oligomerization: the condensation of nucleobases and sugars , nucleoside phosphorylation , and nucleotide polymerization.
Condensation of long double-helical DNAs is a sharp phase transition, which takes place within a narrow interval of condensing agent concentrations.[ref] Since the double helices come very closely to each other in the condensed phase, this leads to the restructuring of water molecules, which gives rise to the so-called hydration forces.[ref] To ...
The precise mechanism of chromosome condensation, as well as the premature condensation, is still in question. It is only known that MPF is a key enzyme that induces PCC in somatic cells or oocytes, as they play a key role in cell cycle regulation and cell growth control. When the interphase nuclei is exposed to activated MPF, which is supplied ...
Pyknosis in a necrotic cell is identified by nuclear condensation and fragmentation into small clumps that will be dissolved later in the process of the necrotic cell’s death. [6] Consequently, pyknosis can be distinguished into two types, nucleolytic pyknosis (apoptotic cells) and anucleolytic pyknosis (necrotic cells).