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The resulting Cardy–Verlinde formula was obtained by studying a radiation-dominated universe with the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric = + where R is the radius of a n-dimensional sphere at time t. The radiation is represented by a (n+1)-dimensional CFT.
A conformal field theory (CFT) is a quantum field theory that is invariant under conformal transformations. In two dimensions , there is an infinite-dimensional algebra of local conformal transformations, and conformal field theories can sometimes be exactly solved or classified.
While a CFT might conceivably exist only on a given Riemann surface, its existence on any surface other than the sphere implies its existence on all surfaces. [1] [2] Given a CFT, it is indeed possible to glue two Riemann surfaces where it exists, and obtain the CFT on the glued surface. [1] [3] On the other hand, some CFTs exist only on the ...
The corresponding classical equation of motion is the sinh-Gordon equation. The model can be viewed as a perturbation of Liouville theory. The model's exact S-matrix is known in the weak coupling regime < <, and it is formally invariant under . However, it has been argued that the model itself is not invariant.
A chemical element, often simply called an element, is a type of atom which has a specific number of protons in its atomic nucleus (i.e., a specific atomic number, or Z). [ 1 ] The definitive visualisation of all 118 elements is the periodic table of the elements , whose history along the principles of the periodic law was one of the founding ...
Publicize all the changes the commission makes. Musk said in a post on X that he'd publish all of DOGE's actions online for "maximum transparency."
Image credits: nani.mtz For many owners, having a pet is somewhat like having a child. You love your furry little friend unconditionally, and you are responsible for their wellbeing.
This Table, reports the three main Miedema parameters for the elements of the Periodic table for whom the model is applicable. These are original parameters [13] which are after page 24 of the book after F.R. De Boer, R. Boom, W.C.M. Mattens, A.R. Miedema and A.K. Niessen Cohesion in Metals. Transition Metal Alloys (1988), [14]