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The cross product with respect to a right-handed coordinate system. In mathematics, the cross product or vector product (occasionally directed area product, to emphasize its geometric significance) is a binary operation on two vectors in a three-dimensional oriented Euclidean vector space (named here ), and is denoted by the symbol .
This also relates to the handedness of the cross product; the cross product transforms as a pseudovector under parity transformations and so is properly described as a pseudovector. The dot product of two vectors is a scalar but the dot product of a pseudovector and a vector is a pseudoscalar, so the scalar triple product (of vectors) must be ...
Vector: 3 editable tables, preset last matrix/vector result, vector arithmetic (addition, subtraction, scalar multiplication, matrix-vector multiplication (vector interpreted as column)), dot product, cross product; Polynomial solver: 2nd/3rd degree solver. Linear equation solver: 2x2 and 3x3 solver. Base-N operations: XNOR, NAND; Expression ...
where [u] × is the cross product matrix of u; the expression u ⊗ u is the outer product, and I is the identity matrix. Alternatively, the matrix entries are ...
The following are important identities in vector algebra.Identities that only involve the magnitude of a vector ‖ ‖ and the dot product (scalar product) of two vectors A·B, apply to vectors in any dimension, while identities that use the cross product (vector product) A×B only apply in three dimensions, since the cross product is only defined there.
The cross product occurs frequently in the study of rotation, where it is used to calculate torque and angular momentum. It can also be used to calculate the Lorentz force exerted on a charged particle moving in a magnetic field. The dot product is used to determine the work done by a constant force.
The cross product and triple product in three dimensions each admit both geometric and algebraic interpretations. The cross product u × v can be interpreted as a vector which is perpendicular to both u and v and whose magnitude is equal to the area of the parallelogram determined by the two vectors.
The correctness of the formula can be checked by using cross- and triple-product properties and by noting that for groups, left and right inverses always coincide. Intuitively, because of the cross products, each row of A –1 is orthogonal to the non-corresponding two columns of A (causing the off-diagonal terms of I = A − 1 A {\displaystyle ...