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It was founded by a dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (566–653 CE), from whom the dynasty takes its name. [8] They ruled as caliphs for most of the caliphate from their capital in Baghdad in modern-day Iraq, after having overthrown the Umayyad Caliphate in the Abbasid Revolution of 750 CE (132 AH).
The Abbasid Caliphate first centered its government in Kufa, modern-day Iraq, but in 762 the caliph Al-Mansur founded the city of Baghdad, near the ancient Babylonian capital city of Babylon. Baghdad became the center of science , culture and invention in what became known as the Golden Age of Islam .
Founder of the Abbasid dynasty (second dynasty of Islamic Caliphate). Battle of Talas (751) secures Muslim predominance in Central Asia. 2 10 June 754 – 775 al-Manṣūr: Abū Jaʿfar ʿAbd Allāh Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdullah; Sallamah, (possibly from Nefzaoua) Nominated heir by his brother caliph Al-Saffah (the founder of Abbasid dynasty ...
Abu al-ʿAbbās Abd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿal-ʿAbbās (Arabic: أبو العباس عبد الله ابن محمد ابن علي, romanized: Abū al-ʿAbbās ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ; 721/722 – 8 June 754), [1] known by his laqab al-Saffah (Arabic: السفّاح, romanized: al-Saffāḥ), was the first caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate, one ...
The Rashidun caliphate ended with the First Fitna, which transferred authority to the Umayyad dynasty that presided over the Umayyad Caliphate, the largest caliphate and the last one to actively rule the entire Muslim world. [6] The Abbasid Revolution overthrew the Ummayads and instituted the Abbasid dynasty which ruled over the Abbasid ...
The city of Baghdad (Arabic: بغداد Baġdād) was established by the Abbasid dynasty as its capital in the 8th century, marking a new era in Islamic history after their defeat of the Umayyad Caliphate. It replaced Seleucia-Ctesiphon, a Sasanian capital 35 km southeast of Baghdad, which was virtually abandoned by the end of the 8th century.
After Amid ad-Dawla's downfall, his brother al-Kafi served as vizier to the Abbasid caliph al-Mustazhir from 1102/3 until 1106/7 and then again from 1108/9 until 1113/4. [ 3 ] During Al-Mustazhir's twenty-four year incumbency he was politically irrelevant, despite the civil strife at home and the appearance of the First Crusade in Syria .
Both Ibn al-Jawzi and the slightly later historian Ibn al-Athir stress that during al-Qadir's reign, the Abbasid dynasty and the office of the caliphate began to recover their previous prestige and authority. [62] Al-Qadir's reign was an important turning point in the history of the Abbasid caliphate and Sunni Islam.