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In physics and engineering, a resultant force is the single force and associated torque obtained by combining a system of forces and torques acting on a rigid body via vector addition. The defining feature of a resultant force, or resultant force-torque, is that it has the same effect on the rigid body as the original system of forces. [ 1 ]
where p i = momentum of particle i, F ij = force on particle i by particle j, and F E = resultant external force (due to any agent not part of system). Particle i does not exert a force on itself. Torque. Torque τ is also called moment of a force, because it is the rotational analogue to force: [8]
Varignon's theorem is a theorem of French mathematician Pierre Varignon (1654–1722), published in 1687 in his book Projet d'une nouvelle mécanique.The theorem states that the torque of a resultant of two concurrent forces about any point is equal to the algebraic sum of the torques of its components about the same point.
Stress resultants are simplified representations of the stress state in structural elements such as beams, plates, or shells. [1] The geometry of typical structural elements allows the internal stress state to be simplified because of the existence of a "thickness'" direction in which the size of the element is much smaller than in other directions.
The parallelogram of forces is a method for solving (or visualizing) the results of applying two forces to an object. When more than two forces are involved, the geometry is no longer a parallelogram, but the same principles apply to a polygon of forces. The resultant force due to the application of a number of forces can be found geometrically ...
The sum of the net force and torque is called the resultant force, which causes the object to rotate in the same way as all the forces acting upon it would if they were applied individually. [ 2 ] It is possible for all the forces acting upon an object to produce no torque at all.
The force and torque vectors that arise in applying Newton's laws to a rigid body can be assembled into a screw called a wrench. A force has a point of application and a line of action, therefore it defines the Plücker coordinates of a line in space and has zero pitch. A torque, on the other hand, is a pure moment that is not bound to a line ...
A single force acting at any point O′ of a rigid body can be replaced by an equal and parallel force F acting at any given point O and a couple with forces parallel to F whose moment is M = Fd, d being the separation of O and O′. Conversely, a couple and a force in the plane of the couple can be replaced by a single force, appropriately ...