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Resin composites will adhere to the tooth and to undamaged prior composite material. In contrast, amalgam fillings are held in place by the shape of the void being filled rather than by adhesion. This means that it is often necessary to drill out and replace an entire amalgam restoration rather than add to the remaining amalgam.
Composites and amalgam are used mainly for direct restoration. Composites can be made of color matching the tooth, and the surface can be polished after the filling procedure has been completed. Amalgam fillings expand with age, possibly cracking the tooth and requiring repair and filling replacement, but chance of leakage of filling is less.
Composite resin fillings (also called white fillings) are a mixture of nanoparticles [19] [20] [21] or powdered glass and plastic resin, and can be made to resemble the appearance of the natural tooth. Although cosmetically superior to amalgam fillings, composite resin fillings are usually more expensive.
The amalgam expands ≈0.1% over 6–8 hours on setting. The final structure is a metal matrix composite, where γ 1, η and γ 2 phases, are a matrix for unreacted original alloy, minus the fast-reacting β-phase and excess Sn. [17] [18]
Lining for all filling materials (amalgam, composites) Cementation of inlays, onlays, crowns and bridges made of precious metal, non-precious metal as well as metal ceramic and all-ceramic (zirconium oxide, aluminium oxide and lithium disilicate ceramic) Cementation of implant-supported crowns and bridges; Cementation of orthodontic bands
Amalgam possesses greater longevity when compared to other direct restorative materials, such as composite. However, this difference has decreased with continual development of composite resins. Amalgam is typically compared to resin-based composites because many applications are similar and many physical properties and costs are comparable.