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A cave survey is a map of all or part of a cave system, which may be produced to meet differing standards of accuracy depending on the cave conditions and equipment available underground. Cave surveying and cartography , i.e. the creation of an accurate, detailed map, is one of the most common technical activities undertaken within a cave and ...
Speleology (from Ancient Greek σπήλαιον (spḗlaion) 'cave' and -λογία 'study of') is the scientific study of caves and other karst features, as well as their composition, structure, physical properties, history, ecology, and the processes by which they form (speleogenesis) and change over time (speleomorphology).
Caving in a muddy section of Black Chasm Cave in California Stephens Gap, a vertical cave in Alabama. Caving, also known as spelunking (United States and Canada) and potholing (United Kingdom and Ireland), is the recreational pastime of exploring wild cave systems (as distinguished from show caves).
Main article: Anthodite A speleothem (cave formation) composed of long needle-like crystals situated in clusters which radiate outward from a common base. B Belly crawl A passage that is very low. Biospeleology Main article: Biospeleology A branch of biology dedicated to the study of organisms that live in caves and are collectively referred to as troglofauna. Boneyard An intricate maze of ...
The Mani peninsula has been affected by tectonic movements throughout its archaeological history, which caused the formation of several platforms on the site. The cave of Kalamakia occupies one of the lowest platforms above sea level; scientific measurements confirm that the site is within ten meters from the shoreline and approximately two meters above the present sea level.
This list of deepest caves includes the deepest known natural caves according to maximum surveyed depth as of 2024. The depth value is measured from the highest to the lowest accessible cave point. The depth value is measured from the highest to the lowest accessible cave point.
Blanchard Springs Caverns is a three-level cave system, all of which can be viewed on guided tours. The Dripstone Trail runs through the uppermost level of caverns for about a 0.5 miles (0.80 km) and opened in 1973. [ 2 ]
The Lurgrotte is a complex, three-level cave which forms a drainage system for the entire Tanneben karst area. [ 17 ] [ 18 ] Because of its complexity, and the difficulty in exploring the cave's numerous underground channels, the cave's hydrology is poorly understood. [ 2 ]