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Birth control, also known as contraception, anticonception, and fertility control, is the use of methods or devices to prevent pregnancy. [1] [2] Birth control has been used since ancient times, but effective and safe methods of birth control only became available in the 20th century. [3]
A Hippocratic text On the Nature of Women recommended that a woman who did not desire to conceive a child should drink a copper salt dissolved in water, which it claimed would prevent pregnancy for a year. [9] This method is not only ineffective, but also dangerous, as the later medical writer Soranus of Ephesus (c. 98–138 AD) pointed out. [9]
[nb 1] [2] An abortion that occurs without intervention is known as a miscarriage or "spontaneous abortion"; these occur in approximately 30% to 40% of all pregnancies. [3] [4] When deliberate steps are taken to end a pregnancy, it is called an induced abortion, or less frequently "induced miscarriage".
Unintended pregnancies are pregnancies that are mistimed or unwanted at the time of conception, [1] also known as unplanned pregnancies. [2] [3]Sexual activity without the use of effective contraception through choice or coercion is the predominant cause of unintended pregnancy.
Title translation: "Abortion induced by either self-taught midwife or obstetrician not only maims the woman, but also often leads to death." An unsafe abortion is the termination of a pregnancy by people lacking the necessary skills, or in an environment lacking minimal medical standards, or both. [1] An unsafe abortion is a life-threatening ...
“Every person deserves the right to choose when, if, and how they have this dangerous and life-altering experience,” singer writes
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However, while the punishment of "unplanned" pregnancy is a large fine, both forced abortion and forced sterilization can be charged with intentional assault, which is punished with up to ten years' imprisonment. Family planning in China had its benefits, and its drawbacks.