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The HEPM portrays hospitals as having multiple operational defensive layers outfitted with essential elements necessary to maintain key defensive barricades (Cook & O'Connor, 2005; Reason, 2000). By examining the defensive layers attributes, prospective locales of failure, the etiology of accidents might be revealed (Leape et al., 1995).
James Tootle Reason CBE (1 May 1938 – 5 February 2025) [1] [2] was a professor of psychology at the University of Manchester, from where he graduated in 1962 and where he was a tenured professor from 1977 until 2001.
James Reason: Human Error, Cambridge University Press; 1st edition (October 26, 1990) ...
Latent failures span the first three domains of failure in Reason's model. [9] In the early days of the Swiss cheese model, late 1980 to about 1992, attempts were made to combine two theories: James Reason's multi-layer defence model and Willem Albert Wagenaar's tripod theory of accident causation. This resulted in a period in which the Swiss ...
In the field of human factors and ergonomics, human reliability (also known as human performance or HU) is the probability that a human performs a task to a sufficient standard. [1] Reliability of humans can be affected by many factors such as age , physical health , mental state , attitude , emotions , personal propensity for certain mistakes ...
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The first fully developed theory of a just culture was in James Reason's 1997 book, Managing the Risks of Organizational Accidents. [2] In Reason's theory, a just culture is postulated to be one of the components of a safety culture. A just culture is required to build trust so that a reporting culture will occur.
Some researchers have argued that the dichotomy of human actions as "correct" or "incorrect" is a harmful oversimplification of a complex phenomenon. [16] [17] A focus on the variability of human performance and how human operators (and organizations) can manage that variability, may be a more fruitful approach. Newer approaches, such as ...