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  2. Property (philosophy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Property_(philosophy)

    Impure properties are properties that, unlike pure properties, involve reference to a particular substance in their definition. [14] So, for example, being a wife is a pure property while being the wife of Socrates is an impure property due to the reference to the particular "Socrates". [ 15 ]

  3. Essence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essence

    Essence (Latin: essentia) has various meanings and uses for different thinkers and in different contexts.It is used in philosophy and theology as a designation for the property or set of properties or attributes that make an entity the entity it is or, expressed negatively, without which it would lose its identity.

  4. Intrinsic and extrinsic properties - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrinsic_and_extrinsic...

    In electronics and optics, intrinsic properties of devices (or systems of devices) are generally those that are free from the influence of various types of non-essential defects. [3] Such defects may arise as a consequence of design imperfections, manufacturing errors, or operational extremes and can produce distinctive and often undesirable ...

  5. Essentialism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essentialism

    Plato's forms are regarded as patriarchs to essentialist dogma simply because they are a case of what is intrinsic and a-contextual of objects—the abstract properties that make them what they are. One example is Plato's parable of the cave. Plato believed that the universe was perfect and that its observed imperfections came from man's ...

  6. Rigid designator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigid_designator

    For example, large, as a connotative concept, can signify objects with many distinct essences: a man, a lion, a triangle can be large. On the other hand, absolute concepts signify objects that have the same definitions and properties.

  7. Scientific essentialism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_essentialism

    In other words, having such and such essential properties is a necessary condition for membership in a given natural kind. For example, tigers are tigers in virtue of possessing a particular set of genetic properties, but identifying (or appearance-based) properties are nonessential properties.

  8. Biological roles of the elements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_roles_of_the...

    Examples include iron, essential to hemoglobin; and magnesium, essential to chlorophyll. Some elements are essential only to certain taxonomic groups of organisms, particularly the prokaryotes. For instance, the lanthanide series rare earths are essential for methanogens. As shown in the following table, there is strong evidence that 19 of the ...

  9. List of thermodynamic properties - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_thermodynamic...

    On the other hand, some constants, such as K f (the freezing point depression constant, or cryoscopic constant), depend on the identity of a substance, and so may be considered to describe the state of a system, and therefore may be considered physical properties. "Specific" properties are expressed on a per mass basis.