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Maize / m eɪ z / (Zea mays), also known as corn in North American English, is a tall stout grass that produces cereal grain. It was domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 9,000 years ago from wild teosinte. Native Americans planted it alongside beans and squashes in the Three Sisters polyculture.
Zea is a genus of flowering plants in the grass family. The best-known species is Z. mays (variously called maize , corn, or Indian corn), one of the most important crops for human societies throughout much of the world.
Flour corn (Zea mays var. amylacea) is a variety of corn with a soft starchy endosperm and a thin pericarp. [1] It is primarily used to make corn flour.This type, frequently found in Aztec and Inca graves, is widely grown in the drier parts of the United States, western South America and South Africa.
Flint corn (Zea mays var. indurata; also known as Indian corn or sometimes calico corn) is a variant of maize, the same species as common corn. [1] Because each kernel has a hard outer layer to protect the soft endosperm, it is likened to being hard as flint, hence the name. [2]
Field corn is a North American term for maize (Zea mays) grown for livestock fodder (silage and meal), ethanol, cereal, and processed food products.The principal field corn varieties are dent corn, flint corn, flour corn (also known as soft corn) which includes blue corn (Zea mays amylacea), [1] and waxy corn.
Sweet corn (Zea mays convar. saccharata var. rugosa), [1] also called sweetcorn, sugar corn and pole corn, is a variety of maize grown for human consumption with a high sugar content. Sweet corn is the result of a naturally occurring recessive mutation in the genes which control conversion of sugar to starch inside the endosperm of the corn kernel.
Zea mays var. indentata, synonym Zea indentata Sturtev., was identified and published by American agronomist and botanist Edward Lewis Sturtevant (1842–1898). [4] It is categorized as a species within the family Poaceae, subfamily Panicoideae, and tribe Andropogoneae—a tribe of grasses that use the NADP–malic enzyme subtype of C 4 photosynthesis in carbon fixation.
The cob is also purple in color. The pigment giving purple corn its vivid color derives from an exceptional content of a class of polyphenols called anthocyanins.Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, also called chrysanthemin, is the major anthocyanin in purple corn kernels, comprising about 73% of all anthocyanins present.