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The construction cost was about US$150 million, [74] ... Breakdown of the bundled tube structure of Willis Tower with simplified floor plans.
By 1963, a new structural system of framed tubes had appeared in skyscraper design and construction. Fazlur Rahman Khan, a structural engineer from Bangladesh (then called East Pakistan) who worked at Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, defined the framed tube structure as "a three dimensional space structure composed of three, four, or possibly more frames, braced frames, or shear walls, joined at or ...
Tube-frame construction was first used in the DeWitt-Chestnut Apartment Building, designed by Khan and completed in Chicago in 1963. [5] It was used soon after for the John Hancock Center and in the construction of the World Trade Center. A variation on the tube frame is the bundled tube, which uses several interconnected tube frames.
Tube structures cut down costs, at the same time allowing buildings to reach greater heights. Concrete tube-frame construction [46] was first used in the DeWitt-Chestnut Apartment Building, completed in Chicago in 1963, [68] and soon after in the John Hancock Center and World Trade Center. The tubular systems are fundamental to tall building ...
The Webster Street Tube project cost more than $20 million in total, [42] [45] including renovations to the older Posey Tube; the construction contract for Webster was US$17,363,000 (equivalent to $172,800,000 in 2023) alone.
Dec. 12—A renowned Japanese architect has brought an example of a quick-build home for displaced fire survivors to Maui. A renowned Japanese architect has brought an example of a quick-build ...