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The 1994 federal legislation, the American Indian Religious Freedom Act, gives another common definition, defining an Indian as one who belongs to an Indian tribe, which is a group that "is recognized as eligible for the special programs and services provided by the United States to Indians because of their status as Indians." The result of ...
Former Indian citizens and descendants of citizens have been eligible for overseas citizenship since its creation in 2003. [98] This status gives its holders a lifelong entitlement to live and work in the country but they cannot vote in elections, stand for public office, and are subject to restrictions on entry into protected and restricted areas.
President Coolidge stands with four Osage Indians at a White House ceremony. The Indian Citizenship Act of 1924, (43 Stat. 253, enacted June 2, 1924) was an Act of the United States Congress that declared Indigenous persons born within the United States are US citizens.
Some tribes have a blood quantum requirement for citizenship. Others use other methods, such as lineal descent.While almost two-thirds of all federally recognized Indian tribes in the United States require a certain blood quantum for citizenship, [15] tribal nations are sovereign nations, with a government to government relationship with the United States, and set their own enrollment criteria.
Blood quantum laws or Indian blood laws are laws that define Native Americans in the United States status by fractions of Native American ancestry. These laws were enacted by the federal government and state governments as a way to establish legally defined racial population groups .
In dealing with Indian policy, a separate agency, the Bureau of Indian Affairs has been in place since 1824. The idea that tribes have an inherent right to govern themselves is at the foundation of their constitutional status – the power is not delegated by congressional acts. Congress can, however, limit tribal sovereignty.
Indian independence movement fighter Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay wrote of the Indian racial identity in America as being "black". [18] After spending years studying and living with African American families, Chattopadhyay wrote Indians in America should form ties with African Americans, believing they share a common ancestry and a common struggle for independence. [19]
Indian Country, as defined by Congress in 1948 (18 U.S.C.A. 1151) is: a) "all land within the limits of any Indian reservation under the jurisdiction of the United States government, notwithstanding the issuance of any patent, and including rights-of way running through the reservation, b) all dependent Indian communities within the borders of ...