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SHA-2: A family of two similar hash functions, with different block sizes, known as SHA-256 and SHA-512. They differ in the word size; SHA-256 uses 32-bit words where SHA-512 uses 64-bit words. There are also truncated versions of each standard, known as SHA-224, SHA-384, SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256. These were also designed by the NSA.
SHA-2 (Secure Hash Algorithm 2) is a set of cryptographic hash functions designed by the United States National Security Agency (NSA) and first published in 2001. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] They are built using the Merkle–Damgård construction , from a one-way compression function itself built using the Davies–Meyer structure from a specialized block cipher.
SHA-2 basically consists of two hash algorithms: SHA-256 and SHA-512. SHA-224 is a variant of SHA-256 with different starting values and truncated output. SHA-384 and the lesser-known SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256 are all variants of SHA-512. SHA-512 is more secure than SHA-256 and is commonly faster than SHA-256 on 64-bit machines such as AMD64.
SHA2 is designed to be extremely lightweight so it can run on lightweight devices (e.g. smart cards). [19] This means PBKDF2 is very weak for password storage, as commodity SHA-2 hashing hardware that can perform trillions of hashes per second is easily procured. [20] [21] scrypt: scrypt is weaker than bcrypt for memory requirements less than 4 MB.
Even though MD2 is not yet fully compromised, the IETF retired MD2 to "historic" status in 2011, citing "signs of weakness". It is deprecated in favor of SHA-256 and other strong hashing algorithms. [4] Nevertheless, as of 2014, it remained in use in public key infrastructures as part of certificates generated with MD2 and RSA. [citation needed]
TLS 1.0 (deprecated) TLS 1.1 (deprecated) TLS 1.2 TLS 1.3 EV [n 3] [1] SHA-2 [2] ECDSA [3] BEAST [n 4] CRIME [n 5] POODLE (SSLv3) [n 6] RC4 [n 7] FREAK [4] [5] Logjam Google Chrome (Chrome for Android) [n 8] [n 9] 1–9 Windows (10+) macOS (11+) Linux Android (8.0+) iOS (16+) ChromeOS: Disabled by default Yes Yes No No No Yes (only desktop ...
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[12] [10] [13] NIST formally deprecated use of SHA-1 in 2011 and disallowed its use for digital signatures in 2013, and declared that it should be phased out by 2030. [14] As of 2020, chosen-prefix attacks against SHA-1 are practical. [6] [8] As such, it is recommended to remove SHA-1 from products as soon as possible and instead use SHA-2 or ...