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A condyloid joint (also called condylar, ellipsoidal, or bicondylar [1]) is an ovoid articular surface, or condyle that is received into an elliptical cavity. This permits movement in two planes, allowing flexion , extension , adduction , abduction , and circumduction .
A condyloid joint is a modified ball and socket joint that allows primary movement within two perpendicular axes, passive or secondary movement may occur on a third axes. Some classifications make a distinction between condyloid and ellipsoid joints; [5] [6] these joints allow flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction movements (circumduction).
The metatarsophalangeal joints (MTP joints) are the joints between the metatarsal bones of the foot and the proximal bones (proximal phalanges) of the toes.They are analogous to the knuckles of the hand, and are consequently known as toe knuckles in common speech.
These joints are of the condyloid kind, formed by the reception of the rounded heads of the metacarpal bones into shallow cavities on the proximal ends of the proximal phalanges. [1] Being condyloid, they allow the movements of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction (see anatomical terms of motion) at the joint. [1]
The movements of saddle joints are similar to those of the condyloid joint and include flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction. [1] However, axial rotation is not allowed. Saddle joints are said to be biaxial, [5] allowing movement in the sagittal and frontal planes. [2]
Joints can also be classified functionally according to the type and degree of movement they allow: [1] [12] Joint movements are described with reference to the basic anatomical planes. [3] synarthrosis – permits little or no mobility. Most synarthrosis joints are fibrous joints, such as skull sutures. This lack of mobility is important ...
In animal anatomy, a pivot joint (trochoid joint, rotary joint or lateral ginglymus) is a type of synovial joint whose movement axis is parallel to the long axis of the proximal bone, which typically has a convex articular surface.
Humeroradial joint: head of the radius: capitulum of the humerus: Is a ball-and-socket joint. Superior radioulnar joint: head of the radius: radial notch of the ulna: In any position of flexion or extension, the radius, carrying the hand with it, can be rotated in it. This movement includespronation and supination.