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[1] [2] This motion constantly winds the mainspring. A temperature variation of only one degree in the range between 15 °C (59 °F) and 30 °C (86 °F), or a pressure variation of 3 mmHg , was calculated to provide energy for two days' operation for an early prototype, [ 3 ] while for a more recent Atmos 540 model the corresponding value has ...
The gravity remontoire was invented by Swiss clockmaker Jost Bürgi around 1595. Usually the "Kalenderuhr" (three month running, springdriven, calendar-desk-clock) Bürgi is considered the oldest surviving clock with a remontoire, even if it does not provide power to the escapement during the few seconds of the daily cycle where the remontoire weight gets wound up by the spring. [2]
Huygens' maintaining power in use. The weight drive used by Christiaan Huygens in his early clocks acts as a maintaining power. In this layout, the weight which drives the clock is carried on a pulley and the cord (or chain) supporting the weight is wrapped around the main driving wheel on one side and the rewinding wheel on the other.
In a mainspring barrel, when unwound and relaxed, most of a healthy spring's turns should be pressed flat against the wall of the barrel, with only 1 or 2 turns spiralling across the central space to attach to the arbor. If more than 2 turns are loose in the center, the spring may be 'tired'; with 4 or 5 turns it definitely is 'tired'.
However, whereas the spring or the weight provided the motive power, the pendulum merely controlled the rate of release of that power via some escape mechanism (an escapement) at a regulated rate. The Smithsonian Institution has in its collection a clockwork monk, about 15 in (380 mm) high, possibly dating as early as 1560. The monk is driven ...
There is a fusee in the earliest surviving spring-driven clock, a chamber clock made for Philip the Good in c. 1430. [109] Leonardo da Vinci, who produced the earliest known drawings of a pendulum in 1493–1494, [110] illustrated a fusee in c. 1500, a quarter of a century after the coiled spring first appeared. [111] The so-called 'Henlein Watch'