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Copper–chlorine cycle. The copper – chlorine cycle (Cu–Cl cycle) is a four-step thermochemical cycle for the production of hydrogen. The Cu–Cl cycle is a hybrid process that employs both thermochemical and electrolysis steps. It has a maximum temperature requirement of about 530 degrees Celsius. [1]
Copper (II) chloride is used as a catalyst in a variety of processes that produce chlorine by oxychlorination. The Deacon process takes place at about 400 to 450 °C in the presence of a copper chloride: [8] 4 HCl + O2 → 2 Cl2 + 2 H2O. Copper (II) chloride catalyzes the chlorination in the production of vinyl chloride and dichloromethane.
The Wacker process or the Hoechst-Wacker process (named after the chemical companies of the same name) refers to the oxidation of ethylene to acetaldehyde in the presence of palladium (II) chloride and copper (II) chloride as the catalyst. [1] This chemical reaction was one of the first homogeneous catalysis with organopalladium chemistry ...
For example, the defect may result in an ion on its own ion site or a vacancy on the cation site. To complete the reactions, the proper number of each ion must be present (mass balance), an equal number of sites must exist (site balance), and the sums of the charges of the reactants and products must also be equal (charge balance).
IR absorption spectrum of copper (I) chloride. Copper (I) chloride, commonly called cuprous chloride, is the lower chloride of copper, with the formula CuCl. The substance is a white solid sparingly soluble in water, but very soluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid. Impure samples appear green due to the presence of copper (II) chloride (CuCl 2).
Spectator ion. A spectator ion is an ion that exists both as a reactant and a product in a chemical equation of an aqueous solution. [1] For example, in the reaction of aqueous solutions of sodium carbonate and copper (II) sulfate: The Na+ and SO2− 4 ions are spectator ions since they remain unchanged on both sides of the equation.
Transition metal chloride complex. Octahedral molecular geometry is a common structural motif for homoleptic metal chloride complexes. Examples include MCl 6 (M = Mo, W), [MCl 6] − (M = Nb, Ta, Mo, W, Re), [MCl 6] 2- (M = Ti Zr, Hf, Mo, Mn, Re, Ir, Pd, Pt), and [MCl 6] 3- (M = Ru Os, Rh, Ir). In chemistry, a transition metal chloride complex ...
A single-displacement reaction, also known as single replacement reaction or exchange reaction, is an archaic concept in chemistry. It describes the stoichiometry of some chemical reactions in which one element or ligand is replaced by atom or group. [1][2][3] It can be represented generically as: where either. is a cation.