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The modern toilet utilises a cistern to reserve and hold the correct amount of water required to flush the toilet bowl. In earlier toilets, the cistern was located high above the toilet bowl and connected to it by a long pipe. It was necessary to pull a hanging chain connected to a release valve located inside the cistern in order to flush the ...
It is designed to allow a shorter interval between flushes than individual cisterns. Flushing troughs were commonly used in places such as schools, colleges, public toilets, factories and public buildings where repeated use of the flushing cistern was required in a short period of time. Such troughs were used by local councils in the UK into ...
This system is suitable for locations plumbed with 12.7 or 9.5 mm (1 ⁄ 2 or 3 ⁄ 8 inch) water pipes which cannot supply water quickly enough to flush the toilet; the tank is needed to supply a large volume of water in a short time. The tank typically collects between 6 and 17 L (1.6 and 4.5 US gallons) of water over a period of time.
A vault toilet is a non-flush toilet with a sealed container (or vault) buried in the ground to receive the excreta, all of which is contained underground until it is removed by pumping. A vault toilet is distinguished from a pit latrine because the waste accumulates in the vault instead of seeping into the underlying soil.
When the handle of a flush toilet with a tank (British, cistern) is turned, a discharge mechanism is activated by means of a rod or chain. The mechanism may be a flapper valve, which is designed to sink more slowly than the water - allowing the water to exit to the toilet bowl below, so that the tank may empty.
A dual flush toilet; note the two buttons at the top of the cistern. A dual flush toilet is a variation of the flush toilet that uses two buttons or a handle mechanism to flush different amounts of water. The purpose of this mechanism is to reduce the volume of water used to flush different types of waste.