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In the 19th century, starting with the Occupation of Algeria in 1830, France began to establish a new empire in Africa and Southeast Asia. The following is a list of all countries that were part of the French colonial empires from 1534; 491 years ago () to the present, either entirely or in part, either under French sovereignty or as mandate.
[97] In 1905, the French abolished slavery in most of French West Africa. [98] From 1906 to 1911, over a million slaves in French West Africa fled from their masters to earlier homes. [99] In Madagascar over 500,000 slaves were freed following French abolition in 1896. [100]
Map showing French colonies, protectorates and mandates (in blue) in Africa in 1930; namely French Equatorial Africa, French North Africa, French Somaliland and French West Africa. Along with former Belgian colonies (shown in yellow), these areas today make up the bulk of francophone Africa.
In 1884, Germany declared Togoland, the Cameroons and South West Africa to be under its protection; [23] and France occupied Guinea. French West Africa was founded in 1895 and French Equatorial Africa in 1910. [24] [25] In French Somaliland, a short-lived Russian colony in the Egyptian fort of Sagallo was briefly proclaimed by Terek Cossacks in ...
In the early historical period, colonies were founded in North Africa by migrants from Europe and Western Asia, particularly Greeks and Phoenecians. Under Egypt's Pharaoh Amasis (570–526 BC) a Greek mercantile colony was established at Naucratis, some 50 miles from the later Alexandria. [2] Greeks colonised Cyrenaica around the same time. [3]
Klein, Martin A. Slavery and colonial rule in French West Africa (Cambridge University Press, 1998) Manning, Patrick. Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa 1880-1995 (Cambridge UP, 1998). Neres, Philip. French-speaking West Africa: From Colonial Status to Independence (1962) Priestley, Herbert Ingram. France overseas: a study of modern imperialism ...
Although the Napoleonic Wars distracted the attention of Europe from exploratory work in Africa, those wars nevertheless exercised great influence on the future of the continent, both in Egypt and South Africa. The occupation of Egypt (1798–1803), first by France and then by Great Britain, resulted in an effort by the Ottoman Empire to regain ...
The total area of the French colonial empire, with the first (mainly in the Americas and Asia) and second (mainly in Africa and Asia), the French colonial empires combined, reached 24,000,000 km 2 (9,300,000 sq mi), the second largest in the world (the first being the British Empire).