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A pidgin [1] [2] [3] / ˈ p ɪ dʒ ɪ n /, or pidgin language, is a grammatically simplified means of communication that develops between two or more groups of people that do not have a language in common: typically, its vocabulary and grammar are limited and often drawn from several languages.
According to the monogenetic theory of pidgins, sabir was a basic word in Mediterranean Lingua Franca, brought to West Africa through Portuguese pidgin. An English cognate is savvy .) Also, pikin or " pickaninny " comes from the Portuguese words pequeno and pequenino , which mean "small" and "small child" respectively.
Keith Whinnom pinpointed the idea that a proto-pidgin "spread via normal linguistic diffusion" [2] and claimed that there are many similarities between Spanish contact vernaculars and languages of this type used in the Philippines and a Portuguese Creole in India.
Patois (/ ˈ p æ t w ɑː /, pl. same or / ˈ p æ t w ɑː z /) [1] is speech or language that is considered nonstandard, although the term is not formally defined in linguistics.As such, patois can refer to pidgins, creoles, dialects or vernaculars, but not commonly to jargon or slang, which are vocabulary-based forms of cant.
The word is commonly used, with no vulgar undertone, in Tok Pisin and even in Papua New Guinea English. bagarap olgeta = "completely broken" balus = "bird" or more specifically a pigeon or dove (an Austronesian loan word); by extension "aeroplane" belhat = "angry" (lit. "belly hot") belo = "bell", as in belo bilong lotu = "church bell". By ...
Creole languages descend from pidgins. [18] [19] Another example is Nicaraguan Sign Language, created from isolated signs that did not form a set of stable rules, and thus did not then constitute an authentic language. [20] Polygenesis is not to be confused with the wave theory, originally propounded by Johannes Schmidt. [21]
The term "pidgin" itself is believed by some etymologists to be a corruption of the pronunciation of the English word "business" by the Chinese (see Pidgin § Etymology). [ 5 ] Chinese Pidgin English began to decline in the late 19th century as standard English began to be taught in the country's education system.
A contact sign language, or contact sign, is a variety or style of language that arises from contact between deaf individuals using a sign language and hearing individuals using an oral language (or the written or manually coded form of the oral language).