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Tacrolimus 0.1% Ointment. As an ointment, tacrolimus is used in the treatment of dermatitis (eczema), in particular atopic dermatitis, if topical corticosteroids and moisturisers fail in helping. [17] [18] It suppresses inflammation in a similar way to steroids, and is equally as effective as a mid-potency steroid.
Avoiding sun exposure and the use of sunscreens (not containing zinc oxide as this is toxic to dogs [10] [11]) is important. Topical therapy includes corticosteroid and tacrolimus [12] use. Oral vitamin E or omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are also used.
Although it is a structural analogue of tacrolimus, it acts somewhat differently and has different side-effects. Contrary to ciclosporin and tacrolimus, drugs that affect the first phase of T lymphocyte activation, sirolimus affects the second phase, namely signal transduction and lymphocyte clonal proliferation.
Side effects may occur from sudden discontinuation and prolonged, continuous use can lead to skin thinning. [2] Intermittent use of topical steroids for atopic dermatitis is safe and does not cause skin thinning. [3] [4] [5]
Triamcinolone acetonide is also used in veterinary medicine as an ingredient in topical ointments and in topical sprays for control of pruritus in dogs. [28] A series of injections with triamcinolone acetonide or another corticosteroid may reduce keloid size and irritation. It is used as a preinductor and/or inductor of birth in cows.
Pimecrolimus is an immunosuppressant drug of the calcineurin inhibitor class used in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (eczema). It is available as a topical cream. It was developed and formerly marketed by Novartis under the trade name Elidel.