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The red crosses denote the most power efficient computer, while the blue ones denote the computer ranked#500. FLOPS per watt is a common measure. Like the FLOPS ( Floating Point Operations Per Second) metric it is based on, the metric is usually applied to scientific computing and simulations involving many floating point calculations.
Processor manufacturers usually release two power consumption numbers for a CPU: typical thermal power, which is measured under normal load (for instance, AMD's average CPU power) maximum thermal power, which is measured under a worst-case load; For example, the Pentium 4 2.8 GHz has a 68.4 W typical thermal power and 85 W maximum thermal power.
Here they also inform that starting from the 12th generation of their CPUs the term Thermal Design Power (TDP) has been replaced with Processor Base Power (PBP). [28] In a support page dedicated to the Core i7 -7700 processor, Intel defines the TDP as the maximum amount of heat that a processor can produce when running real life applications ...
In computing, energy proportionality is a measure of the relationship between power consumed in a computer system, and the rate at which useful work is done (its utilization, which is one measure of performance). If the overall power consumption is proportional to the computer's utilization, then the machine is said to be energy proportional. [1]
Although it is named "power usage effectiveness", it actually measures the energy use of the data centre. [10] The PUE metric has several important benefits. First, the calculation can be repeated over time, allowing a company to view their efficiency changes historically, or during time-limited events like seasonal changes.
Power can be estimated at a number of levels of detail. The higher levels of abstraction are faster and handle larger circuits, but are less accurate. The main levels include: Circuit Level Power Estimation, using a circuit simulator such as SPICE; Static Power Estimation does not use the input vectors, but may use the input statistics.
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A large power transformer used in the electrical grid may have efficiency of more than 99%. Early 19th century transformers were much less efficient, wasting up to a third of the energy passing through them. [citation needed] A steam power plant used to generate electricity may have 30-40% efficiency. [citation needed]