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  2. List of Germanic and Latinate equivalents in English

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Germanic_and...

    This list contains Germanic elements of the English language which have a close corresponding Latinate form. The correspondence is semantic—in most cases these words are not cognates, but in some cases they are doublets, i.e., ultimately derived from the same root, generally Proto-Indo-European, as in cow and beef, both ultimately from PIE *gʷōus.

  3. Semantic equivalence (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_equivalence...

    In semantics, the best-known types of semantic equivalence are dynamic equivalence and formal equivalence (two terms coined by Eugene Nida), which employ translation approaches that focus, respectively, on conveying the meaning of the source text; and that lend greater importance to preserving, in the translation, the literal structure of the source text.

  4. Standard Marine Communication Phrases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Marine...

    The Standard Marine Communication Phrases (SMCP) is a set of key phrases in the English language (which is the internationally recognised language of the sea), supported by the international community for use at sea and developed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). They aim to explain: 1) external communication phrases – ship to ...

  5. Literal translation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literal_translation

    Literal translation, direct translation, or word-for-word translation is the translation of a text done by translating each word separately without analysing how the words are used together in a phrase or sentence. [1] In translation theory, another term for literal translation is metaphrase (as opposed to paraphrase for an analogous translation).

  6. List of email subject abbreviations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_email_subject...

    FAO, meaning "For the Attention Of", especially in email or written correspondence. This can be used to direct an email towards an individual when an email is being sent to a team email address or to a specific department in a company. e.g. FAO: Jo Smith, Finance Department.

  7. Sense-for-sense translation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sense-for-sense_translation

    A semantic translation's goal is to stay as close as possible to the semantic and syntactic structures of the source language, allowing the exact contextual meaning of the original. [21] A communicative translation's goal is to produce an effect on the readers as close as possible to that as produced upon the readers of the original.

  8. Display and referential questions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Display_and_referential...

    Display questions work best for eliciting short and low-level answers that correspond to the answer already expected by the teacher. Since referential questions serve to request for new information, answers can be subjective and varied based on the students' opinions, judgement and experiences.

  9. Salutation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salutation

    The salutation "Dear" in combination with a name or a title is by far the most commonly used salutation in both British and US English, in both formal and informal correspondence. [citation needed] It is commonly followed either by an honorific and a surname, such as "Dear Mr. Smith," or by a given name, such as "Dear Mark."