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  2. Mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_descriptions...

    As the exterior derivative is defined on any manifold, the differential form version of the Bianchi identity makes sense for any 4-dimensional manifold, whereas the source equation is defined if the manifold is oriented and has a Lorentz metric. In particular the differential form version of the Maxwell equations are a convenient and intuitive ...

  3. List of open-source software for mathematics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_open-source...

    Numerical analysis is an area of mathematics that creates and analyzes algorithms for obtaining numerical approximations to problems involving continuous variables. When an arbitrary function does not have a closed form as its solution, there would not be any analytical tools present to evaluate the desired solutions, hence an approximation ...

  4. Fourth power - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_power

    n 4 = n × n × n × n. Fourth powers are also formed by multiplying a number by its cube. Furthermore, they are squares of squares. Some people refer to n 4 as n tesseracted, hypercubed, zenzizenzic, biquadrate or supercubed instead of “to the power of 4”. The sequence of fourth powers of integers, known as biquadrates or tesseractic ...

  5. List of integer sequences - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_integer_sequences

    The numbers n of the form xy for x > 1 and y > 1. A002808: ... Positive integers which are powerful but imperfect. A052486: Primary pseudoperfect numbers: 2, 6, 42 ...

  6. Powerful number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powerful_number

    A powerful number is a positive integer m such that for every prime number p dividing m, p 2 also divides m. Equivalently, a powerful number is the product of a square and a cube, that is, a number m of the form m = a 2 b 3, where a and b are positive integers. Powerful numbers are also known as squareful, square-full, or 2-full.

  7. List of mathematical abbreviations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mathematical...

    This following list features abbreviated names of mathematical functions, function-like operators and other mathematical terminology. This list is limited to abbreviations of two or more letters (excluding number sets).

  8. Additional Mathematics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Additional_Mathematics

    Additional Mathematics is a qualification in mathematics, commonly taken by students in high-school (or GCSE exam takers in the United Kingdom). It features a range of problems set out in a different format and wider content to the standard Mathematics at the same level.

  9. Glossary of mathematical symbols - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_mathematical...

    Rarely used in modern mathematics without a horizontal bar delimiting the width of its argument (see the next item). For example, √2. √ (radical symbol) 1. Denotes square root and is read as the square root of. For example, +. 2. With an integer greater than 2 as a left superscript, denotes an n th root.