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Some of the eruptive structures formed during volcanic activity (counterclockwise): a Plinian eruption column, Hawaiian pahoehoe flows, and a lava arc from a Strombolian eruption. A volcanic eruption occurs when material is expelled from a volcanic vent or fissure. Several types of volcanic eruptions have been distinguished by volcanologists.
A volcanologist is a geologist who studies the eruptive activity and formation of volcanoes and their current and historic eruptions. Volcanologists frequently visit volcanoes, especially active ones, to observe volcanic eruptions, collect eruptive products including tephra (such as ash or pumice), rock and lava samples. One major focus of ...
A volcanic eruption is effusive when the erupting magma is volatile poor (water, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride, and hydrogen fluoride), which suppresses fragmentation, creating an oozing magma which spills out of the volcanic vent and out into the surrounding area. [1]
A stratovolcano, also known as a composite volcano, is a typically conical volcano built up by many alternating layers of hardened lava and tephra. [1] Unlike shield volcanoes , stratovolcanoes are characterized by a steep profile with a summit crater and explosive eruptions. [ 2 ]
Third: volcanic field, volcanic system and volcanic center. A volcanic field is a localized area of the Earth's crust that is prone to localized volcanic activity. A volcanic group (aka a volcanic complex) is a collection of related volcanoes or volcanic landforms. Neutral: volcanic cluster and volcanic locus.
Volcanic landforms. Subcategories. This category has the following 33 subcategories, out of 33 total. C. Central volcanoes (1 C, 12 P) Cinder cones (6 C, 43 P)
Volcanism, vulcanism, volcanicity, or volcanic activity is the phenomenon where solids, liquids, gases, and their mixtures erupt to the surface of a solid-surface astronomical body such as a planet or a moon. [1]
In the first case, the process has a local extent, usually within the volcanic area. Typical examples include the development of calderas and resurgences, pit craters, dikes, sills, laccoliths, magma chambers, eruptive fissures, volcanic rift zones and any type of volcano flank dynamics, including sector collapses. In the second case, the ...